Memorandum Opinion, Feesers, Inc. v. Michael Foods, Inc., Civil No. 1:04-cv-00576, 2006 WL 1274088 (M.D. Pa. May 4, 2006) (denying plaintiff's motion for summary judgment and granting defendants' motions for summary judgment)

Judgment (May 5, 2006)

Appeal

Opinion, Feesers, Inc. v. Michael Foods, Inc., No. 06-2661 (3d Cir. filed Aug. 14, 2007) (reversing summary judgment for defendants and remanding). Reported as 498 F.3d 206 (3d Cir. 2007)

Issues on remand

Memorandum and Order, Feesers, Inc. v. Michael Foods, Inc., Civil No. 1:04-cv-00576, 2007 WL 3085610 (M.D. Pa. Oct. 19, 2007) (issues on remand)

Order (Sept. 11, 2007) (requiring each party is to submit a letter brief concerning the issues remaining for trial)

Letter from Sodexho (Oct. 2, 2007)

Letter from Feesers (Oct. 2, 2007)

Burden of proof at trial

Memorandum and Order (Oct. 19, 2007)

Motions in limine

Order, Feesers, Inc. v. Michael Foods, Inc., Civil No. 1:04-cv-00576, 2008 WL 112005 (M.D. Pa. Jan. 9, 2008) (motions in limine)

Post-trial motions

Memorandum and Order, Feesers, Inc. v. Michael Foods, Inc., Civil No. 1:04-cv-00576, 2008 WL 4890030 (M.D. Pa. Nov. 12, 2008) (post-trial motions)

Judgment (bench trial)

Memorandum, Feesers, Inc. v. Michael Foods, Inc., 1:04-cv-00576 (M.D. Pa. Apr. 27, 2009) (judgment for plaintiffs). Reported as 632 F. Supp. 2d 414 (M.D. Pa. 2009)

Judgment (Apr. 27, 2009)

Contempt motion

Motion for Contempt and Temporary and Permanent Injunctive Relief (May 5, 2009) (proposed order) (proposed TRO)

Brief in Support (May 5, 2009)

Brief in Opposition (May 11, 2009)

Reply Brief (May 13, 2009)

Memorandum, Feesers, Inc. v. Michael Foods, Inc., Civil No. 1:04-cv-00576, 2009 WL 1475270 (M.D. Pa. May 26, 2009) (contempt motion)

Feesers, Inc. v. Michael Foods, Inc., Civil No. 1:04-cv-00576, 2009 WL 1684650 (M.D. Pa. June 16, 2009) (denying stay)

Amended judgment

Memorandum, Feesers, Inc. v. Michael Foods, Inc., Civil No. 1:04-cv-00576 (M.D. Pa. June 30, 2009)

Amended judgment (July 1, 2009)

Appeal

Opinion, Feesers, Inc. v. Michael Foods, Inc., Nos. 09-2548 (3d Cir. filed Jan. 1, 2010) (vacating judgment for plaintiffs and and remanding with instuctions to enter judgment for defendants as a matter of law)

Petition for rehearing (Jan. 21, 2010)

Promotional Discrimination

Statute

Robinson-Patman Act §§ 2(c)-(e), 15 U.S.C. §§ 13(c)-(e)

Fed. Trade Comm'n, Guides for Advertising Allowances and Other Merchandising Payments and Services, 16 C.F.R. part 20 ("Fred Meyer Guides")

Fed. Trade Comm'n, Request for Public Comments (on modifying or withdrawing the Fred Meyer Guides).

Unpublished Opinion, Orologio of Short Hills Inc v. The Swatch Group (U.S.) Inc., No. 15-3024 (3d Cir. June 24, 2016)

Docket sheet (downloaded Oct. 24, 2016)

Brief (Jan. 13, 2016)

Brief for Appellee (Mar. 1, 2016)

Reply Brief for Appellants (Apr. 1, 2016)

Reference Materials

Recent secondary line cases

Bedford Nissan, Inc., No. 1:16 CV 423, 2016 WL 6395799 (N.D. Ohio Oct. 28, 2016)

Camarda v. Snapple Distribs., Inc., Nos. 04 Cv. 01273(CLB), 2007 WL 2702825 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 13, 2007), aff'd, 346 F. App'x 690 (2d Cir. 2009) (unpublished)

Innomed Labs, LLC v. ALZA Corp., 368 F.3d 148 (2d Cir. 2004)

RPA enforcement

± Ryan Luchs, Tansev Geylani, Anthony Dukes & Kannan Srinivasan, The End of the Robinson-Patman Act? Evidence from Legal Case Data, 56 Management Science:2123-2133 (Dec. 2010).

Commerce requirement

Moore v. Mead's Fine Bread Co., 348 U.S. 115 (1954) (holding that at least one sale must cross a state line)

Memorandum Opinion and Order, Fast & Easy Food Stores, Inc. v. Greene Beverage Co., No. 7:11-CV-1929-MHH (N.D. Ala. Nov. 4, 2013) (reported at 2013 WL 12136610)

Docket sheet (downloaded Dec. 23, 2016)

Complaint, Fast & Easy Food Stores, Inc. v. Greene Beverage Co., No. 7:11-CV-1929-MHH (N.D. Ala. filed June 7, 2011)

Amended Complaint, Fast & Easy Food Stores, Inc. v. Greene Beverage Co., No. 7:11-CV-1929-MHH (N.D. Ala. filed Dec. 16, 2011)

Stipulation for Dismissal with Prejudice (Feb. 17, 2015)

Order (Feb. 17, 2015) (dismissing case with prejudice)

Tangible commodities

± First Comics, Inc. v. World Color Press, Inc., 884 F.2d 1033 (7th Cir. 1989)

"Like grade and quality"

± FTC v. Borden Co., 383 U.S. 637 (1936)

Proscribed effect on competition

Volvo Trucks North America, Inc. v. Reeder-Simco GMC, Inc., 546 U.S. 164 (2006)

Brooke Group Ltd. v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 509 U.S. 209 (1993) (± Oyez) (primary line discrimination)

FTC v. Morton Salt Co., 334 U.S. 37 (1948) (secondary line discrimination)

Bruce's Juices, Inc. v. American Can Co., 87 F. Supp. 985 (S.D. Fla. 1949), aff’d, 187 F.2d 919 (5th Cir.), mod., 190 F.2d 73 (5th Cir.), cert. dismissed, 342 U.S. 875 (1951)

Availability defense

± Mueller Co. v. FTC, 323 F.2d 44 (7th Cir. 1963)

Changing conditions defense

± Comcoa, Inc. v. NEC Tel., Inc., 931 F.2d 655 (10th Cir. 1991)

Economics of price discrimination

± Yongmin Chen, Jianpei Li & Marius Schwartz, Competitive Differential Pricing (May 11, 2019)

± Dirk Bergemann, Benjamin A. Brooks & Stephen Edward Morris, The Limits of Price Discrimination (Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 1896, rev. Sept. 2014)., final version at 105 Am. Econ. Rev. 921 (2015).

± Sylvain Weber & Cyril Pasche, Price Discrimination, 2 J. Indus. Org. Educ.article 3 (2008) (with supplementary powerpoint presentation).

± Yongmin Chen & Marius Schwartz, Beyond Price Discrimination: Welfare under Differential Pricing When Costs Also Differ (Dec. 23, 2012).

± Hans Zenger, The Marginal Price E¤ects of Antitrust Rules Against Price Discrimination (Apr. 24, 2012).

± Iñaki Aguirre, Welfare Effects of Third-Degree Price Discrimination: Ippolito Meets Schmalensee and Varian (2012)

± Sylvain Weber & Cyril D. Pasche, Third-Degree Price Discrimination: A Clarification (Apr. 29, 2008).

± Lars A. Stole, Price Discrimination and Competition (rev. May 2006).

± Wesley R. Hartmann & Ricard Gil, Why Does Popcorn Cost So Much at the Movies? An Empirical Analysis of Metering Price Discrimination (Stanford University Graduate School of Business Research Paper No. 1983, Jan. 2008).

± R. Preston McAfee, Hugo M. Mialon & Sue H. Mialon, Does Large Price Discrimination Imply Great Market Power?, 92 Econ. Letters 360 (2006).

± Mark Armstrong, Recent Developments in the Economics of Price Discrimination (Feb. 2006), final version at 2 Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications __(Econometric Society Monographs, Richard Blundell, Whitney K. Newey & Torsten Persson eds. 2006).

± James C. Cooper, Luke Froeb, Daniel P. O’Brien & Steven Tschantz, Does Price Discrimination Intensify Competition? Implications for Antitrust (2005), final version at 72 Antitrust L.J. 327 (2005)

± Shane Carbonneau, R. Preston McAfee , Hugo M. Mialon & Sue H. Mialon, Price Discrimination and Market Power (June 7, 2004)

Mark Armstrong & John Vickers, Competitive Price Discrimination, 32 RAND J. Econ. 1 (2001)

Hal R. Varian, Price Discrimination, in 1 Handbook of Industrial Economics 597 (Richard Schmalensee & Robert Willig eds., 1989)

Hal R. Varian, Price Discrimination and Social Welfare, 75 Am. Econ. Rev. 870 (1985)

Richard Schmalensee, Output and Welfare Implications of Monopolistic Third-Degree Price Discrimination, 71 Am. Econ. Rev. 242 (1981).

Promotional discrimination

Conditional pricing

± Lear Competition Note, Price Relationship Agreements: Economic Analysis and Implications for Competition (Nov. 2012).

Commentary

± E. Thomas Sullivan, Herbert J. Hovenkamp , Howard A. Shelanski & Christopher R. Leslie, Secondary-Line Differential Pricing and the Robinson-Patman Act, in Antitrust Law, Policy and Procedure: Cases, Materials, Problems (E. Thomas Sullivan, Herbert Hovenkamp, Howard A. Shelansk & Christopher R. Leslie, eds. 7th ed. 2013).

± Hagit Bulmash, An Empirical Analysis of Secondary Line Price Discrimination Motivations, 8 J. Competition L. & Econ. 361 (2012).

± Herbert Hovenkamp, The Robinson-Patman Act and Competition: Unfinished Business, 68 Antitrust L.J. 125 (2000).

Case Studies

PepsiCo
(FTC 2025)

S.D.N.Y.

FTC v PepsiCo, Inc., No. 1:25-mc-00033 (S.D.N.Y. filed Jan. 17, 2025) [filed under seal] (assigned to Judge Analisa Torres)
Section 13(b) for permanent injunctive and other equitable relief

Press Release, Fed. Trade Comm'n, FTC Sues PepsiCo for Rigging Soft Drink Competition (Jan. 17, 2025)

Statement of Chair Lina M. Khan and Commissioner Alvaro M. Bedoya in the Matter of Non-Alcoholic Beverages Price Discrimination Investigation (Jsn. 17, 2025)

Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Melissa Holyoak (Jan. 17, 2025)

Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Andrew N. Ferguson In the Matter of Non-Alcoholic Beverages Price Discrimination Investigation (Jan. 17, 2025)

Docket sheet (downloaded Feb. 20, 2025)

Commentary

± Dave Fusaro, FTC Sues PepsiCo for ‘Rigging’ Soft Drink Competition, FoodProcessing.com (Jan. 17, 2025)

Southern Glazer’s Wine and Spirits
(FTC 2024)

C.D. Calif.

FTC v. Southern Glazer’s Wine and Spirits, LLC, No. 8:24-cv-02684 (S.D. Calif. filed Dec. 12, 2024) (more recent redacted version Feb. 10, 2025) (assigned to District Judge Christina A. Snyder and Magistrate Judge John D. Early; transferred to Fred W. Slaughter)

Press Release, Fed. Trade Comm'n, FTC Sues Southern Glazer’s for Illegal Price Discrimination (Dec. 12, 2024)

Statement of Commissioner Alvaro M. Bedoya Joined by Chair Lina M. Khan and Commissioner Rebecca Kelly Slaughter (Dec. 12, 2024)

Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Andrew N. Ferguson (Dec. 12, 2024)

Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Melissa Holyoak (Dec. 12, 2024)

Docket sheet

Notice of Related Case Pursuant to Local Rule 83-1.3.1 (Dec. 12, 2024) (re Roma Mikha, Inc. v. Southern Glazer’s Wine and Spirits, LLC, Case No. 8:22-cv-01187-FWS-ADS (C.D. Calif.)

Order re Transfer (Related Cases) (Dec. 16, 2024) (transferred to Judge Fred W. Slaughter)

Civil Standing Order (Dec. 16, 2024)

Southern Glazer’s Wine and Spirits, LLC’s Application To Permanently Seal Portions of the Complaint (Jan. 8, 2025)

Response of Plaintiff Federal Trade Commission to Defendant’s Application To Permanently Seal Portions of the Complaint (Jan. 15, 2025)

Southern Glazer’s Wine and Spirits, LLC’s Reply to Plaintiff’s Opposition to Southern Glazer’s Application To Permanently Seal Portions of the Complaint (Jan. 24, 2025)

Defendant Southern Glazer’s Wine and Spirits, LLLC's Notice of Motion To Dismiss (Feb. 3, 2025)

Exhibit 1. Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Andrew N. Ferguson In the Matter of Southern Glazer’s Wine and Spirits, LLC (Dec. 12, 2024)

Exhibit 2. Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Melissa Holyoak (Dec. 12, 2024)

Exhibit 3. [Proposed] Order Granting Southern Glazer’s Wine and Spirits, LLLC's Motion To Dismiss (Feb. 3, 2025)

± FTC web page

Woodman's

Complaint, Woodman's Food Mkt, Inc. v. Clorox Co., No. 14-CV-734 (W.D. Wis. filed Oct. 28, 2014) (alleging violations of Sections 2(d) and 2(e) of the Robinson-Patman Act)

Docket sheet (downloaded Dec. 25, 2015)

Notice of Motion & Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Oct. 28, 2014)

Plaintiff's Brief in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Oct. 28, 2014)

Woodman’s Statement of Record Facts and Statement of Facts It Intends to Prove (Nov. 14, 2015)

Defendants’ Brief in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Nov. 24, 2014)

Plaintiff’s Reply Brief in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunction (feb. 18, 2015)

Opinion and Order (May 28, 2015) (denying motion)

Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s Complaint (Nov. 20, 2014)

Defendants’ Brief in Support of their Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s Complaint (Nov. 20, 2014)

Plaintiff''s Brief in Opposition to Defendant's Motion to Dismiss (Nov. 25, 2015)

Defendants’ Reply Brief In Support of their Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s Complaint (Jan. 5, 2015)

Opinion and Order (Feb. 2, 2015)

Defendants’ Motion To Dismiss Plaintiff’s Complaint As Moot (Feb. 24, 2015)

Defendants’ Brief in Support of their Motion to Dismiss the Complaint As Moot (Feb. 24, 2015) (letter informing Woodmans of termination of future sales)

Plaintif'f''s Motion forr Leave to Amend Complaint (Mar. 20, 2015)

Plaintiff’s Brief in Opposition to Defendants’ 2nd Motion to Dismiss and in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Leave to Amend Complaint (Mar. 20, 2015)

Defendants’ Brief in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for Leave to Amend Complaint (Mar. 27, 2015)

Defendants’ Reply Brief in Support of their Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s Complaint As Moot (Mar. 30, 2015)

Plaintiff's Reply Brief' n Support of Motion for Leave to Amend Complaint (Apr. 3, 2015)

Opinion and Order (Apr. 27, 2015) (denying defendant's motion to dismiss and granting plaintiff's motion for leave to amend complaint)

Plaintiff's First Amended Complaint (Apr. 28, 2015)

Defendants’ Motion to Certify for Interlocutory Appeal the Court’s Orders Denying Defendants’ Motions to Dismiss (May 22, 2015)

Defendants’ Memorandum in Support of their Motion to Certify for Interlocutory Appeal the Court’s Orders Denying Defendants’ Motions to Dismiss (May 22, 2015)

Plaintiff's Memorandum in Opposition to Defendants' Motion to Certify for Interlocutory Appeal of the Court's Orders Denying Def'endants' Motions to Dismiss (June 2, 2015)

Defendants’ Reply Brief in Support of their Motion to Certify the Court’s Orders for Interlocutory Appeal (June 12, 2015)

Opinion and Order (July 17, 2015)

Notice of Motion & Motion for Reconsideration of the Court's Order Certifiying f'or Interlocutory Appeal Its Orders Denying Defendants' Motions o Dismiss (July 23, 2015)

Plaintiffos Memorandum in Support of Its Motion for Reconsideration of the Court's Order Certifying for Interlocutory Appeal Its Orders Denying Def'endants' Motions to Dismiss (July 23, 2015)

Defendants’ Brief in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for Reconsideration of the Court’S Order Certifying for Interlocutory Appeal Its Orders Denying Defendants’ Motions to Dismiss (July 30, 2015)

Opinion and Order (Aug. 13, 2015) (denying plaintiff's motion for reconsideration and granting defendants' motion to stay all proceedings pending appellate review)

Seventh Circuit (interlocutory appeal)

Woodman's Food Mkt, Inc. v. Clorox Co., Misc. Dkt. No. 15-8016 (7th Cir. docketed Sept. 14, 2015)

Docket sheet No. 15-8016 (downloaded Dec. 25, 2015)

Petition for Permission to Appeal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) (July 27, 2015)

Plaintiff’s-Respondent’s Response in Opposition to Defendants’-Petitioners’ Petition for Permission to Appeal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) (Aug. 6, 2015)

Motion for Leave to File Reply in Support of Petition for Permission to Appeal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) (Aug. 13, 2015)

Reply in Support of Petition for Permission to Appeal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) (Aug. 13, 2015)

Plaintiff’s-Respondent’s Motion for Leave to File Sur-Reply Brief in Response to Defendant’s-Petitioner’s Petition for Permission to Appeal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) (Aug. 14, 2015)

Plaintiff’s-Respondent’s Sur-Reply Brief in Response to Defendants’-Petitioners’ Petition for Permission to Appeal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) (Aug. 14, 2015)

Order (Sept. 8, 2015) (granting permission to appeal)

Woodman's Food Mkt, Inc. v. Clorox Co., No. 15-3001 (7th Cir. docketed Sept. 14, 2015)

Docket sheet No. 15-3001 (downloaded Dec. 25, 2015)

Brief for Defendants-Appellants The Clorox Company and The Clorox Sales Company (Oct. 26, 2015)

Brief of Amicus Curiae the Federal Trade Commission in Support of Defendants-Appellants and Reversal (Nov. 2, 2015)

Response Brief of Palintiff-Appellee Woodman's Food Market, Inc.. (Nov. 25, 2015)

Brief for Amicus Curiae National Grocers Association in Support of Plaintiff-Appellee and for Affirmance (Dec. 2, 2015)

Corrected Brief for Amicus Curiae National Grocers Association in Support of Plaintiff-Appellee and for Affirmance (Dec. 7, 2015)

Reply Brief for Defendants-Appellants The Clorox Company and The Clorox Sales Company (Dec. 23, 2015)

± Argued (Feb. 12, 2016)

Opinion, Woodman's Food Mkt, Inc. v. Clorox Co., No. 15-3001 (7th Cir. Aug. 12, 2016) (reported at 833 F.3d 743)

Satbam Distributors
(private 2015)

Complaint, Satnam Distribs. LLC v. Commonwealth-Altadis, Inc., No. 2:14-cv-06660-JCJ (E.D. Pa. filed Nov. 20, 2015)

Docket sheet (downloaded June 12, 2016)

Motions to dismiss

Defendants Commonwealth-Altadis, Inc.'s, Commonwealth Brands, Inc.'s, and Altadis, U.S.A., Inc.'s Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff's Complaint (Feb. 12, 2015)

Defendants Commonwealth-Altadis, Inc.'s, Commonwealth Brands, Inc.'s, and Altadis, U.S.A., Inc.'s Memorandum of Law In Support of their Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff's Complaint (Feb. 12, 2015)

Proposed Order (Feb. 12, 2015)

Defendant Harold Levinson Associates, Inc.’s Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s Complaint for Failure to State a Claim (Feb. 12, 2015)

Plaintiff’s Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Defendants’ Motions to Dismiss (Apr. 13, 2015)

Reply Memorandum of Defendants Commonwealth-Altadis, Inc., Commonwealth Brands, Inc., and Altadis, U.S.A., Inc. in Support of their Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s Complaint (May 13, 2015)

Defendant Harold Levinson Associates, Inc.’s Reply Memorandum in Support of its Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s Complaint (May 13, 2015)

Transcript of Motion to Dismiss Hearing (July 22, 2015)

Memorandum (Oct. 14, 2015) (reported at 140 F. Supp. 3d 405)

Order (Oct. 14, 2015)

Answers

Answer of Defendants Commonwealth-Altadis, Inc., Commonwealth Brands, Inc., and Altadis U.S.A. Inc. to Complaint (Nov. 17, 2015)

Defendant Harold Levinson Associates, Inc.’s Answer to Plaintiff’s Complaint (Nov. 17, 2015)

Drug Mart

District court

Drug Mart Pharmacy Corp. v. American Home Prods. Corp., 472 F. Supp. 2d 385 (E.D.N.Y. 2007) (denying summary judgment on the Section 2(a) and 2(d) liability claims but granting granted summary judgment on claims for damages and injunctive relief because the designated plaintiffs failed to show that they, individually, suffered antitrust injury), amended by 2007 WL 4526618 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 20, 2007).

Note: After these judgments, 3,700 non‐designated plaintiff pharmacies at 3,987 locations remained. Of the plaintiff locations, 3,101 concluded that they would not be able to identify lost customers and filed stipulations of dismissal with prejudice. Drug Mart Pharmacy Corp., 2012 3 WL 3544771, at *1 n.2.

Drug Mart Pharmacy Corp. v. American Home Prods. Corp., No. 93-CV-5148 (ILG), 2012 WL 3544771 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 16, 2012) (granting summary judgment to defendants for failure to prove injury to competition and antitrust injury to plaintiffs)

Notice of Appeal (Nov. 20, 2012)

Second Circuit

Appeal docketed (Nov. 28, 2012)

Docket sheet (downloaded Sept. 19, 2015)

Brief and Special Appendix for Plaintiff-Appellant (Jan. 17, 2014)

Brief for Defendants-Appellees (Apor. 15, 2014)

Reply Brief for Plaintiffs-Appellants (Apr. 29, 2015)

Cash & Henderson Drugs v. Johnson & Johnson, No. 12-4689-cv (2d Cir. Aug. 27, 2015) (reported at 799 F.3d 202), aff'g sub nom. Drug Mart Pharmacy Corp. v. American Home Prods. Corp., No. 93-CV-5148 (ILG), 2012 WL 3544771 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 16, 2012)

23 . RPM

25. Joint ventures

Primary Materials

Supplemental Materials

Reading and Class Notes

Reading and class notes

Statute and Significant Precedents

Statute

Significant precedents

Price Discrimination Feesers, Inc. v. Michael Foods, Inc.

Statute

Complaint

Expert testimony

Merits

Appeal

Issues on remand

Burden of proof at trial

Motions in limine

Post-trial motions

Judgment (bench trial)

Contempt motion

Amended judgment

Appeal

Promotional Discrimination

Statute

Reference Materials

Recent secondary line cases

RPA enforcement

Commerce requirement

Tangible commodities

"Like grade and quality"

Proscribed effect on competition

Antitrust injury

Meeting competition defense

Functional discount defense

Cost justification

Availability defense

Changing conditions defense

Economics of price discrimination

Promotional discrimination

Conditional pricing

Commentary

Case Studies

PepsiCo (FTC 2025)

Southern Glazer’s Wine and Spirits (FTC 2024)

Woodman's

Satbam Distributors (private 2015)

Drug Mart

Price Discrimination
Feesers, Inc. v. Michael Foods, Inc.

PepsiCo
(FTC 2025)

Southern Glazer’s Wine and Spirits
(FTC 2024)

Satbam Distributors
(private 2015)